hakkında şirket haberleri Effects of Potassium Humate on Growth, Yield and Quality of Rice

Rice is the core staple crop in China. Achieving high-quality, high-yield and green rice cultivation is crucial for ensuring national food security and sustainable agricultural development. Long-term intensive planting has led to paddy soil compaction, acidification, reduced nutrient use efficiency and increased environmental stresses, which severely restrict rice growth, yield and quality. As a natural organic active substance, potassium humate integrates multiple functions including soil improvement, growth regulation, nutrient synergy, stress resistance and quality enhancement, showing great application potential in rice production. This paper comprehensively summarizes the effects of potassium humate on soil environment, growth and development, yield formation, grain quality and stress tolerance of rice, providing a theoretical basis for its scientific application.

The primary effect of potassium humate on rice is improving paddy soil and optimizing the rhizosphere environment. Rich in active functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, potassium humate promotes the formation of soil aggregates, reduces soil bulk density, and enhances soil aeration, water retention and nutrient-holding capacity. It effectively alleviates problems such as root hypoxia in heavy clay soils and water-nutrient leaching in sandy soils. Chemically, potassium humate regulates soil pH, neutralizes acidic soil, strengthens soil buffering capacity and reduces root damage caused by acidification. Meanwhile, through chelation and complexation, it reduces nitrogen leaching, activates fixed phosphorus, potassium and medium-trace elements such as iron, zinc and manganese, thus increasing available soil nutrients. Biologically, potassium humate supplies carbon sources for beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms, promoting the proliferation of nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing bacteria. It enhances soil enzyme activity, accelerates nutrient cycling and improves the rhizosphere microecosystem. Long-term application increases soil organic matter content, delays soil degradation and creates a favorable environment for rice root growth.

In terms of rice growth and development, potassium humate exhibits significant growth-promoting and regulatory effects throughout the entire growth period. Seed soaking with potassium humate improves germination rate and germination potential, promotes radicle and adventitious root growth, cultivates robust seedlings and enhances stress resistance at the seedling stage. Application at the tillering stage stimulates root cell division, increases root hair density and absorption area, improves root activity and promotes nutrient uptake and transport. It also raises leaf chlorophyll content, strengthens photosynthesis, increases dry matter accumulation, boosts effective tillers, reduces ineffective tillers and optimizes field population structure. From jointing to grain-filling stage, potassium humate delays leaf senescence, prolongs the green period of functional leaves, improves photosynthetic efficiency and accelerates the translocation of photosynthates to panicles. It optimizes agronomic traits such as plant height, stem thickness and panicle length, leading to uniform growth and laying a solid foundation for high yield.

Potassium humate significantly increases rice yield mainly by optimizing yield components. Rice yield depends on effective panicle number, grains per panicle, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight, all of which can be improved by potassium humate. It increases effective tillers and panicle number, promotes vigorous panicle development, raises filled grains and reduces empty and shriveled grains. It also accelerates grain filling and improves grain plumpness and 1000-grain weight. Field experiments show that combined application with conventional fertilizers increases rice yield by 6%–14%. Even under reduced chemical fertilizer rates, stable or slightly increased yield can be maintained. Furthermore, potassium humate synergizes with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, significantly improving fertilizer use efficiency, reducing chemical fertilizer input and non-point source pollution, thus realizing fertilizer reduction, efficiency improvement and green production.

Besides increasing yield, potassium humate effectively improves rice quality, enhancing its commercial and nutritional value. In appearance, it reduces chalky grain rate, chalkiness degree and broken rice rate, while increasing head rice rate, resulting in plump, translucent grains with better marketability. Nutritionally, it promotes starch and protein accumulation, optimizes component structure, increases mineral contents such as potassium, magnesium and zinc, and improves cooking and eating quality. Meanwhile, potassium humate passivates heavy metal cadmium in soil, reduces its accumulation in rice grains and improves food safety. Under stresses such as low temperature and drought, it stabilizes grain quality, alleviates quality deterioration and ensures the stability of high-quality rice production.

Rice is frequently exposed to stresses including low temperature, submergence, salt damage, diseases and pests during growth. Potassium humate enhances rice stress resistance through physiological regulation. Under low temperature, it increases proline and soluble sugar contents and antioxidant enzyme activity, reduces cell membrane damage, relieves chilling injury and improves seedling survival and panicle formation rate. Under drought and waterlogging stresses, it optimizes root structure, enhances water retention and recovery ability, reducing root rot and premature senescence. Under salt stress, it regulates ion balance, reduces sodium accumulation and protects the photosynthetic system. In addition, potassium humate improves disease resistance and lodging resistance, lowers field disease and lodging risks, reduces pesticide application and enhances cultivation safety.

In practical production, potassium humate can be applied as basal fertilizer, topdressing or foliar spray. Basal application mainly improves soil and provides long-term nutrients; topdressing at tillering and panicle differentiation stages promotes tillering and panicle formation; foliar spraying at grain-filling stage preserves leaves, accelerates filling and increases grain weight. Its flexible application and stable effects fit well with simplified and green rice cultivation systems.

In conclusion, potassium humate exerts comprehensive positive effects on rice. It improves soil conditions, promotes growth and increases yield, while enhancing grain quality, stress resistance and fertilizer efficiency, making it an excellent input for green and efficient rice production. Rational application of potassium humate can effectively alleviate paddy soil degradation, achieve multiple goals of yield increase, quality improvement, fertilizer reduction and stress tolerance, and is of great practical significance for promoting sustainable rice cultivation and ensuring food security.